Pump



Aug. 8, 1950 PUMP 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec. '1, 1945 3 W r 2 w J H i r R m H HmmWm m @Hh WW I? m mm'ww m M J k .2

v \Q R\ By 2mm WWI 10y Em C. J. WELLING Aug. 8., 1950 PUMP 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 1, 1945 6182 J wezzm WWW Em Patented Aug. 8, 1950 PUMP Clement J. Welling, -T1ulsa, kla., assignorc of, ten

per cent 'to May Welling,l'1lulsa, Okla.

eApplicatioifDecember 1, 1945, SerialNo.- 632;256

.9 Claims.

llhis invent-ion relates to pumps, :and --more particularly to a cylindrical sleeve-type :pump for pumping oil, waterandotherliquids.

Q'Itis an object of theinvention:toprovidea novel. pump, ,primarily a bottom=hole pump, p ed foroilwell pumping, .waterlwellrpumping,

irrigationrpumping, bilgepumpsfor marine servv ice, pipe line pumping, chemical; process .pumpin g,- andmany. other pumping uses.

:A still further object/f theinvention .is to provideha bottom hole pump ioroil we11s, or the like, ,1or.a fluid pump forjpumping variousitypes ofrliquids, assisted ;by the hydraulicraction the bottom of the holevor :weu and: non-compressibilityqof the vliquid, to cause {the fluid around ithe pump to) be. forced outiandupwithrtheccolumnof fluid in the "casing, pipe T ,or tubing, to either being used. v

Another obj ect: of ,the inventionis to .providela pump :of :the character described which ,is relatively'simple in construction, which, therefore, comprises .a minimum number of parts and ,is adaptabletofia viscousnfluid; will-require atminimum amount \of .nomproductive time .in servicinglan'd upkeep; and cantbe producedeconomically, ,beserviced .at a minimum costiwithout requiring the employment of highly trained mechanics,-. and isldur-ableuand efficient in use.

,Other yohjectsgand advantages reside, in the detailslof constructiomand operation: as, moreiully hereinafterjdescribed andnclaimed,.referenceloeing ihad F to the accompanying drawings; forming part hereof, wherein like reference numerals reier torlikapartsl.throughoualanddin which:

flFigure 1 is a sectionalelevation showing the positionslof i-the-pumpplungers or pistonsat the bottomsofrthe stroke,

Eigure Zisasimilarview showingrtheplungers orrpistons-on the upstroke,

z' igure 3:.is a similar viewr-showingtthe x plungers or pistons in a further position v.on the iupstroke,

Figure-4 isra similar view showingathe-plungers or; pistons: at the top of theupstroke,

gli igure -5 is a similar view .-showing the pistons on: a downstroke, and

Figurei 6 is a similar view showing -.the pistons atithebottom ofthedownstroke. I

,..-Referring t0 the drawings in detail, the pum is shown in connection with the bottom of a-well, in which \l-ll designates -thew-all;aroundthe hole I .l -'.-andeasing ..l 2 The :.bottom of the casing is closed by a packer or packing 7 ring l3 which is set in:the-.casiI-Ig =12 with itsutop-edgesetpn a level ,with the hottomedge-zof the outlet port in theg pumpasleeve, as will be rhereina'itei' pointed .2 out, :and its :bottom edge flush or substantially flush with thelower end of :the casing,but :suificiently narrow not 'to cover the inlet port of the pump; sleeve l or cylinder, and therefore not necessarily flush-with the bottom edge of'the casing, as long asit/does: not cover the i -p Disposed within the-'casingso as toextend down into the bottom holeof the-welLis a cylindrical pump sleeve, cylinder-or barrel M closed atthe top byva'sleevecapor iplug I15.ventedas=indicated at l 5 to? relieve pressure and vacuum at different stages of thecycle of the pump andatthe bottom byaa similar-sleeve cap? or plug' [6 Within"th6' well bottom :ll and-similarlyyented as indicatedet l6. :Apull-rod' l 1' extends down from the-surface -in the casing I2 tandrisra'dapted for connectionwithany suitable prime-moven'which can beia'ny conventional mechanical, electrical, :or other operating :device *"acceptable to "its particularadaptation pior actuatingwthe s a-me loy-ra vertical re.ciprocation- ;thereof. Theflowerfend of st-hepull rod 5 H -'isvprov-ided with a :reduced portion :18,

providingva shoulder l 9 and-having its lower'end threaded or --otherwise iprovided, as indicated at 20, fprconnection with the upper end of a lower plunger or'r' pistoni-z'l which ioperates in 'thezlowe'r portion of the:sleeve'aor'cylinder1l4;-to:the bottom caponzclosureplug Hi.

- immediately. above the upper end of theiipisto'n or plunger I :2 I when -in its lowest position, :the

cylinder ,orsleeve I4is provided with inletrports ZZ'through its Walton-opposite sides,diametr-ically opposite' each other, andimmediately .cabove anintermediate -zwall portion 1 23 is '7 provided. Seal-- ingndevicesorpacking-ring I13: is held in"bore;24 of easingl2sat itsilower end. The sleeve 1T4 isheld in :the:- aXialopening 25 int-he "sealing device or packing ,;ringla3:cl0sing the lower end of the 23: intermediate the"inlet;-ports 22' an'd'the outlet endof themull A rod. Thisprovides ashoulder :29 at 'the 5 upper .end' of i a reduced bore-:30-vbe1owithe enlarged 7bore -,2.8 and through the lower portion 7 lower piston or plunger 2| with the pull rod |'|,1

part of said upward movement being relative to the upper piston or plunger 21, as will be hereinafter explained.

The shoulder I9 is adapted to engage the shoulder 29 formed between or at the juncture of the enlarged bore portion 28 and the reduced bore portion 30, when both pistons are at the bottom of the stroke both initially and'at the lower end of the downward stroke, as indicated in Figures 1 and 6 of the drawings.

Thus, in the operation of the pump, on the upstroke of the pull rod, with the upper piston 21 and the lower piston 2| straddling the inlet ports 22 through which fluid passes between the pistons, both pistons are pulled or moved upwardly and the pistons will remain apart or separated because of the lack of compressibility of the fluid between the pistons in the cylinder or sleeve I4. The lower piston 2|, as shown in Figure 2, will therefore move upwardly to close the inlets 22 and lift the fluid therewith upwardly through the intermediate wall portion 23, during which movement the upper piston 21 will also move upwardly therewith by reason of the column of fluid between the pistons retaining engagement of the shoulder 29 with the shoulder I9 of the pull rod. pointed out that the bore of the sleeve or cylinder I4 is enlarged at the upper portion as indicated at 32 to form an upwardly facing shoulder 33 with and at the upper end of the lower reduced bore portions 34 of the sleeve I4 at wall 23 and the wall portions of the lower portion of the sleeve or cylinder 4 below the inlet ports 22, as well as a short distance above the outlet ports 26. The upper portion of the piston or plunge 21 is enlarged relative to the lower portion, to provide a downwardly facing shoulder 35 which, at the bottom of the downstroke, is adapted to engage the shoulder 33 facing upwardly by reason of the enlarged bore portion 32 of the sleeve or cylinder |4. However, on the upstroke, as shown in Figure 2 of the drawings, the piston 21, supported by the wall of fluid between the pistons 2| and 21, will move upwardly, when the shoulder 35 will move away from the shoulder 33, during which time the piston 27 continues to maintain the ports 26 closed, while the piston 2| moves upwardly and closes the inlet ports 22. Upon continued upward movement, as shown in Figures 3, on the upstroke, the piston 2| continues to maintain the inlet ports 22 closed, while the upper piston 21 is moved upwardly with the pull rod above and past the outlet ports 26 until the piston 21 reaches the closed upper end or plug l5 of the cylinder or sleeve l4 and the liquid between the two pistons is discharged into the casing l2 or lifted from the well hole H to the casing. Thus, the lower piston closes the inlet ports and the pistons both have reached their maximum height with the space 3| communicating with the outlet ports 25.

Upon continued upward movement of the pull rod to the top of the stroke, as shown in Figure 4 of the drawings, the upper piston 2! having reached the limit of its movement upward, by

4 engagement with the plug l5 as seen in Figure 3, the portion of the pull rod above the reduced portion l8 will continue its upward movement in the enlarged bore portion 28, drawing the lower piston 2| with it until piston 2| reaches the limit of its movement upward by engagement with the lower end of the piston 21, when the liquid in the space 3| between the pistons will be discharged into the casing l2. That is, when theupper piston 21 is in its highest position on the upward stroke of the pull rod, the lower piston 2| is pulled up until its upper end is adjacent the lower end of the upper piston 21, thus closing space 3| and forcing the fluid out into the casing from the y in e This action, instead of causing the liquid to be discharged from the cylinder back through the inlet ports into the well, is explained by the fact that the pump is primarily a bottom hole pump for oil wells or other wells in which the liquids in the well are maintained under pressure. The hydraulic action in the bottom of the well is such that a pressure is exerted on the fluid around the pump and since the oil, water, or other liquid, has little or no compressibility, the pressure will force the upper piston upward until the lower piston covers the inlet ports. In the average well, the hydraulic pressure is equal to the weight of the column of the fluid in the casing from the surface to the bottom of the hole plus 10% Or other proportion, depending upon the circumstances. This, therefore, exerts a greater pressure of the liquid in the well and at In this connection, it is outlet ports and in the casing subject to the pressure head of the column of liquid in the easing and the atmospheric pressure acting thereon. .There are several reasons for the phenomena,

A one of them being a pronounced water drive, 40

which means pressure of water against the oil formation in the case of oil wells, or pools, or of water, as in the case of water or artesian wells. In some cases, the oil formation is in underground slopes, and the pump is submerged in the fluid deep enough so that a static head is formed. In other cases, there is a gas pressure on the oil, causing the oil to follow the line of least resistance, which is the inlet or inlet ports on the lower part of the pump. Thus, this pressure exceeds the pressure acting on the column in the casing or pressure head thereof.

Thus, the liquid will be discharged into the casing and raised therein for discharge.

On the downstroke, as shown in Figure 5 of the drawings, the upper piston and the lower piston, because of the weightof the upper piston, remain adjacent to each other or in contact until the shoulder 34 of the upper piston engages the shoulder 33 in the cylinder or sleeve |4 op- Thus, it will be seen that I have provided a' pump of extreme simplicity with a minimumnumber of parts and great flexibility of use, in that it is adapted to any viscous fluid and may be maintained in operative condition with a minimum amount of non-productive time in servicmg; the pumpt :It: is also :economibaltimcost, r to: produce, service and maintain. in: properly: on erative ccnuitiouism ca there is no need ior highly meehan'ics in order t'o accomplish :this? fact? i -is thougnt thatpersons skilledin theart to: wmcmt e inventibn relates .Wlll be= :able 'toob-' tain learunderstanding of the invention after co siu'ering -the description in connectionwith me d-rawmgs. Therefore, a more l engthydescriptiori isregarded asunnecessary.

i -Minot cl ia "es" in theshapes-mane arrang'e I is coming within'the field of ina e thin cla may be =resortedto in actual practl'e,- if;desi-red, as-well-as in tl'ietype of mater 1 r f-Whilea pump casin ll" is referred to-it isto understood that either a casing-pipe or tubmg may be used-,sihce ordinarily,anoilwell pump is inserted in the tubing or inner string which issurrounded-'by'the-casing or outer string, the idea being that commonrpractice is for the pump to be in the tubing, but it is applicable as ca'titulbing-nor casingpump, l-Also the sealing device, packing ring or apertured plug vl ama-y be any onepi several types, notably, a threecup hold down, which is used for inserting the pumpin the bottom of a string of tubing. It standardized and both the" hold down and the piiinpshould beheld within'American Petroleum Institute specifications, while the upper and lower ends of the pump cylinder may be vented in any suitable manner.

Having thus described the invention, what I claim is:

1. A force pump comprising a casing, a packing in the lower end of the casing, a cylinder having substantially closed upper and lower ends held in said packing, inlet ports in said cylinder below the packin and outlet ports in said cylinder above the packing, a pull rod extending into the cylinder, a lower piston in'the cylinder fixed to the lower end of the rod, an upper piston slidably disposed on the pull rod, means in said cylinder for retaining said upper piston above the inlet ports when the lower piston is seated on the lower end of the cylinder below the inlet ports to allow fluid to enter the cylinder between the upper and lower pistons, and complementary means inthe upper piston and rod for limiting upward movement of the upper piston on the rod to maintain the pistons in a spaced placement when the pistons are pressurized upwardly, said lower piston moving relative to the upper piston upon engagement of the upper piston with the upper end of the cylinder to force the fluid retained between the pistons through the outlet ports into the casing.

2. A force pump comprising a casing, a packing in the lower end of the casing, a cylinder, having substantially closed upper and lower ends, held in said packing, inlet ports in said cylinder below the packing and outlet ports in said cylinder above the packing, a pull rod extending into the cylinder, a lower piston in the cylinder fixed to the lower end of the pull rod, an upper piston slidably mounted on the pull rod, means in said cylinder above the outlet ports for engaging complementary means carried by the upper piston for retaining said upper piston above the inlet ports when the lower piston is seated on the lower end of the cylinder to allow fluid to enter the cylinder between the upper and lower pistons, and complementary means in the upper piston and the pull rod for limiting upward movement of theupper piston GHL 'thQ' rod relatiuesto therlowerpiston when the, pistons are pressurized upwardlypsaidilower piston. moving: into abutting; engagement; of :the upper piston upon engagementuof the upper piston with theupper-endof the cylinder to discharge fluid from-between the pi'stonsthroughthe'.outlet ports.

In aforce pump, the combination with a well tubing having a bottom packing ring;,;a cylinder having substantially closed upper and lower ends, held in said ring, inlet portszinsaid' cylinder'below the ring and outlet ports in said cylinder. abovethering, a. pull rod extending into the cylindena lower piston in the. cylinder fixed t'o-the lower end of therod, an upper piston slid,- ably mounted onthe pull rod,.complementary shoulders on said cylinder and said upper piston for engagementto retain the upper piston above the inlet ports when the lower piston islowered to a seated placement on the lowerend of the cylinder below the inlet ports whereby fluid enters the cylinder between the pistons, and comple mentary means carried by the upper piston and rod for coactive rengagement to limit upward movement of the upper piston on the rod when thepistons are pressurized upwardly, said lower piston moving relative to'the upper piston upon engagement of the upper piston withthe upper end of the cylinder to force the fluid retained between the pistons thru the outlet portsinto the casing.

4. A force pump comprising the combination with a well tubing having a packing ring in the lower end thereof of a cylinder held in said ring and extending above and below the same, said cylinder having inlet ports below the ring and outlet ports above the ring, a pull rod extending through the cylinder, a lower piston fixed on the lower end of the pull rod, an upper piston slidably mounted on the pull rod, an upwardly facing shoulder on the cylinder above the ring, a downwardly facing annular shoulder on the upper piston adapted to engage the shoulder on the cylinder to retain the upper piston above the inlet ports when the lower piston is lowered to a seated placement on the bottom of the cylinder whereby fluid enters the cylinder between the pistons, and complementary means carried by the upper piston and the rod for coactive engagement to limit the upward movement of the upper piston on the rod when the pistons are pressurized upwardly whereby the pistons are disposed on the rod in spaced relation, said lower piston moving relative to abutting placement with the upper piston to force the fluid from between the pistons through the outlet ports into the ring tubing.

5. The combination of claim 2, wherein said pull rod includes an upper section and a lower coaxially reduced section defining a downwardly facing shoulder and means carried by said upper piston for engaging said shoulder to limit upward movement of the upper piston on the rod.

6. The combination of claim 5, wherein said means includes a vertical bore in said piston to receive the pull rod, an annular shoulder in said bore adapted to engage the pull rod shoulder.

'7. A force pump comprising a well casing having a bottom packing ring, a cylinder held in said ring and having a substantially closed upper and lower end, inlet ports in said cylinder below the ring and outlet ports in said cylinder above the ring, a pull rod extending into the cylinder, said rod having an upper portion and a coaxially reduced lower portion defining a downwardly facing shoulder, a lower piston fixed on the lower portion of the pull rod, an upper piston slidably mounted on the upper and lower portions of the rod, means carried by said piston for engaging the rod shoulder to limit upward movement of the upper piston on the rod, an exterior annular shoulder on said upper piston, and an upwardly facing shoulder on said cylinder adjacent the packing ring, said annular piston shoulder being seated on the cylinder shoulder to retain the upper piston above the inlet ports when the lower piston is received on the lower end of the cylinder whereby fluid entering the cylinder is received between the pistons, said lower piston moving responsive to an upward pressure thrust relative to the upper piston upon engagement of the upper piston with the upper end of the cylinder to force the fluid retained between the pistons thru the outlet ports into the casing.

8. The combination of claim 7, wherein vents are provided in the upper and lower ends of the cylinder.

9. A force pump including a well casing, having a bottom packing ring, a cylinder, having a vented upper and lower end, held in said ring, inlet ports in said cylinder below th ring, outlet ports in said cylinder above the ring, a pull rod extending into the cylinder, a lower piston in the cylinder fixed to the lower end of the rod, an upper piston slidably mounted on the rod,

8': means in saidcylinder for complementary engagement of means carried by the upper piston for retaining said upper piston above the inlet ports upon seatment of the lower piston on the lower end of the cylinder whereby fluid entering the cylinder is received between the pistons, said upper piston having a central bore therein forreceiving the pull rod, an upwardly facing.shoulder in said bore, a downwardly facing complementary shoulder on said rod, said shoulders engaging to limit upward movement of the upper piston on the rod upon upward pressurized movement of the pistons relative to the outlet ports, said upper piston abutting against the upper end of the cylinder to brake the ascent of the pistons and said lower piston moving relative to the upper piston forcing the rod shoulder upwardly from its seat onthe upper piston whereby fluid is forced from between the pistons through the outlet ports.

CLEMENT J. WELLING.

REFERENCES CITED Tutt Apr. 18, 1922 Mitchell May 27, 192':

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